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SAN FRANCISCO - March 17 - Bottom-trawling, often
regarded as “aquatic clear-cutting,” is the subject of a statement
released this week by a coalition of citizen experts from around the
Bering Sea. The International Bering Sea Forum is calling for
additional scientific research into the impacts of bottom trawling in
the Bering, and to identify key habitat where bottom trawling should
be limited. In a statement being sent to lawmakers in the U.S. and in
Russia, the Forum details the need for intergovernmental efforts among
the U.S. and Russia to develop a system of zoning in the Bering Sea
that restricts bottom trawling in areas designated as “sensitive
habitat.”
Bottom trawling is a form of industrial fishing
where heavy chains, nets and steel plates are dragged across the ocean
floor. The gear scoops up large quantities of fish, while razing
natural underwater structures in its path, such as coral reefs and
rock piles. According to some estimates, bottom trawlers drag an area
of the ocean as large as the entirety of the world’s continental
shelves every two years.
The Forum points to scientific evidence that
current levels of bottom trawling activity in the Bering Sea are
“harmful to marine life” and argues that the “intensity of trawling
will impact future marine life and habitat due to long term
significant damage to those habitats.”
Whit Sheard, a member of the Forum and a Program
Manager at the Ocean Conservancy, commented, “Bottom trawling is
destroying the underwater equivalent of the Amazon Rainforest. Coral
reefs, and the fish that thrive in them, are an essential element in
sustaining life in the Bering, and everywhere else.”
Forum members express concern that the Bering
Sea, a globally important habitat for marine life and an important
fishery, is experiencing significant ecological changes that are of
concern to many Bering Sea residents and scientists internationally.
Simultaneously, Forum members point out that indigenous peoples and
local communities in Russia and the United States are dependent upon
the ecological well-being and the stability of resources in the Bering
Sea for their health, quality of life, sustainable livelihoods and
cultures.
The Forum’s statement follows the release of a
major report released last February that details the global impacts of
bottom trawling. The report, “High Seas Bottom Fisheries and Their
Impact on the Biodiversity of Vulnerable Deep-Sea Ecosystems,”
co-published by WWF, NRDC, and the World Conservation Union, details
how the practice poses significant risks to marine biodiversity,
including species extinction. The Forum’s Bottom Trawling Statement
focuses on the Bering Sea, one of the world’s most important marine
habitats, which supplies the U.S. with over 50 per cent of its
seafood.
The Bering Sea, which lies between Alaska and the
Russian Far East, is largely in U.S. and Russian territorial waters.
Although the Bering is a single marine environment, the two countries
fail to coordinate the management of the sea. Forum members emphasize
the need for international cooperation and have made it a priority to
influence their respective governments to take common approaches to
managing the Bering.
With many fisheries worldwide collapsing due to
overfishing and pollution, the Bering Sea remains one of the last
relatively robust marine habitats in the world. However, Forum members
point out that the Bering is showing signs of strain, as more fishing
fleets with more sophisticated and destructive gear are chasing fewer
fish.
The International Bering Sea Forum, founded in
August 2003, is an independent, non-governmental body of scientists,
indigenous leaders, environmentalists, and family fishermen from both
the U.S. and Russia committed to sustainable management of the Bering
Sea. The Forum was founded in the belief that the Bering Sea is a
global treasure, and that international cooperation is crucial to head
off a number of threats, including overfishing, poaching, global
warming, and pollution.
The International Bering Sea Forum is coordinated
by Pacific Environment, a non-governmental organization based in San
Francisco, California that protects the living environment of the
Pacific Rim.
For more information, see
www.beringseaforum.org and
www.pacificenvironment.org.
Statement of the International Bering Sea Forum
Regarding Bottom Trawling Activity in the Bering
Sea
WHEREAS the Bering Sea, the third largest sea and
a globally important habitat for marine life and an important fishery,
is experiencing significant ecological changes that are of concern to
many Bering Sea residents and scientists internationally; and
WHEREAS indigenous peoples and local communities
in Russia and the United States are dependent upon the ecological
wellbeing and the stability of resources in the Bering Sea for their
health, quality of life, sustainable livelihoods and cultures; and
WHEREAS Russia and the United States are the two
countries that exercise the greatest amount of sovereign jurisdiction
over territorial areas of Bering Sea and are the most directly able to
influence the management of the Bering Sea using their sovereign
rights; and
WHEREAS reliable scientific evidence indicates
that the current set levels of bottom trawling activity in the Bering
Sea are harmful to marine life and that the intensity of trawling will
impact future marine life and habitat due to long term significant
damage to those habitats; and
WHEREAS the Forum understands that maximally
sustainable fishing practices in the Bering Sea hold economic
importance to Russia and the United States, to indigenous peoples, to
local communities, and for the development of international trade; and
WHEREAS the Forum is aware that other
historically important marine habitats and fisheries throughout the
world have been “mismanaged” in that over-fishing and habitat damage
led to dramatic declines in marine species populations as well as
ecological and economic duress in human ecosystems dependent on the
condition of marine life; and
WHEREAS the International Bering Sea Forum,
comprised of individual citizen representatives from Russia and the
United States, with expertise in marine conservation, science,
governance, indigenous rights, and local & international community
development, has considered and discussed opportunities and challenges
relating to fisheries management in the Bering Sea;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the members of
the International Bering Sea Forum, hereby call on the U.S. and
Russian governments through ongoing bilateral negotiations to agree to
support further scientific research on bottom trawling in the Bering
Sea, including identification and impacts on essential fish habitat,
especially in regions accessed by indigenous groups for traditional
natural resource use, and to develop a system of zoning in the Bering
Sea that restricts bottom trawling in areas designated as “sensitive
habitat”; and
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the International
Bering Sea Forum calls upon governments for increased enforcement of
existing regulations restricting the use of bottom trawling, which
would require increased enforcement budgets to ensure that this
occurs; and
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Forum calls for
the development and signing of an improved intergovernmental agreement
and active cooperation in the regulation and enforcement of bottom
trawling restrictions nationally and internationally; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the International
Bering Sea Forum will establish a “Fishing Gear Monitoring Committee”
to follow up on the recommendations of this general statement and to
further research the impact of present bottom trawling and other
fishing gear regulations and practices as well as other regulatory
policies that impact commercial fishing and fishing gear in both
Russia and the United States. In addition, the Committee will seek
opportunities for encouraging restriction, as necessary, of current
bottom trawling practices based on scientific studies. The Forum
acknowledges the essential role of the indigenous people of Alaska and
Russia, welcomes the steps taken by those people with the goal of
cooperation in the conservation and management of marine life in the
Bering Sea region, and desires to ensure their full involvement in the
implementation and enforcement of any agreement that is made.
AND FINALLY, BE IT UNDERSTOOD that the
International Bering Sea Forum is a private, non-governmental entity,
whose members serve as individual representatives and do not represent
the organizations with which they are affiliated. |